Table 1 Published clinical cases (including case reports and case series) of non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis associated with hematological disease in adult patients. Autopsy case reports were not included
Author, journal, publication year | Underlying hematological condition | Sex, Age | Clinical presentation | NBTE diagnosis method(s) | Time from neoplasm diagnosis to NBTE | Valvular involvement | Complications a | Treatment for NBTE | Treatment for HT condition | Outcome(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ahmed et al. J Oncol Pract. 2018 [9] | T-Cell Large Granular Lymphocytic Leukemia | M, 71 yrs | Petechial rash and mildly decreased neutrophil count | TTE/ TEE | 1 year | Anterior mitral valve leaflet; moderate mitral regurgitation | No embolic events; MPGN (immune-mediated sequela of neoplasm) | Long-term anticoagulation using apixaban | No specific treatment was initiated (clinically asymptomatic); MTX followed by CTX for kidney involvement | Improved |
Jeong et al. J Int Korean Med. 2018 [10] | Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia | M, 53 yrs | Fever and abdominal pain | TTE/ TEE | At the same time (during hospital stay) | Aortic valve (right coronary and noncoronary cusp); moderate to severe aortic regurgitation | Systemic embolization | Surgical aortic valve replacement | Arsenic trioxide combined with all-trans retinoic acid CTx | Improved |
Vlismas et al. JACC. Case reports. 2019 [11] | Low grade B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder (probable multiple myeloma) | M, 70 yrs | Chest discomfort | TTE/ TEE | Diagnosis suspected at the same time (during hospital stay); histological confirmation after patient´s death | Quadrivalvular NBTE | Systemic embolization | Anticoagulation therapy (unfractionated heparin) | Not applicable (patient died before definitive diagnosis) | In-hospital death (complete heart block) |
Acuña et al. Mem. Inst. Investig. Cienc. Salud, 2019 [12] | Mixed cellularity classic hodgkin lymphoma | M, 42 yrs | Long-term fever, sweating, asthenia and weight loss | TTE/ TEE | At the same time (during hospital stay) | Mitral valve | No complications | LMWH (prophylactic dose); no long-term anticoagulation | CTx and intravenous steroids | Improved |
Parker et al. Kans. J. Med. 2020 [1] | Acute myelomonocytic Leukemia | F, 29 yrs | Dyspnea on exertion, pallor, fever, chills | On autopsy specimen | 1 week later (postmortem diagnosis) | Tricuspid valve | Systemic embolization with multi-organ failure | Not applicable | Cytarabine and daunorubicin CTx | In-hospital death |
Hashimoto et al. Medicina. 2021 [13] | Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (post mortem diagnosis) | F, 45 yrs | Sudden onset of dysarthria, paralysis of right upper and lower extremity and fever | TTE/ TTE; on autopsy specimen | Diagnosis suspected at the same time (during hospital stay); histological confirmation after patient´s death | Aortic valve | Cerebral embolism (initial presentation) | Anticoagulation therapy | Not applicable (patient died before definitive diagnosis) | In-hospital death: intracranial hemorrhage, complication of thrombectomy |
Wang et al. Int J Rheum Dis. 2023 [14] | Burkitt lymphoma (NHL) | F, 20 yrs | Sacroiliac joint pain and fever | TTE/ TEE | At the same time (during hospital stay) | Mitral and aortic valves | No complications | Treatment of underlying neoplastic condition | CTx | Improved |